Ancient Roman architecture still stands and is used to support modern buildings today. Some Roman aqueducts still carry water to modern towns, ships still dock at Roman ports and the European highway system still closely follows the Roman road system.
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Article- Roman Roads
Tabel of Peutinger
Roman Road Map
What was the ancient name for the area of modern Spain and Portugal?
What is the name for the ancient scroll depicting a "map of the world?"
What were Roman rest houses used for?
How were they noted on the "map of the world?"
What was described by Tassan as, "a real treasure?"
In feet, What is the standard width of a Roman chariot axle?
Romans during the "Republican style" were very eclectic in stylization of architecture and art. They incorporated elements from the different peoples they conquered. The Roman general Marcellus conquered the Greek city of Syracuse. Syracuse was very wealth and Marcellus brought back not only the typical spoils of war but also the "artistic patrimony" of the city. Thus igniting the demand of Greek art. Roman plundered Greek art weighing down sips with as many pieces as possible. If an original could not be had a copy was commissioned. The Romans who were previously fighters or farmers now began developing opinions about art and artists.
The Romans borrowed from both the Etruscans and Greeks when creating their own Republican style of architecture. Using the Temple of "Fortuna Virilis" as a visual guide EXPLAIN three traditionally Etruscan architectural features and two traditionally Greek architectural features borrowed by the Romans to build this Republican style temple. If you are struggling with this use an art history book. I recommend Gardner's Art Through The Ages.
Fortuna Virilis
The Romans invented concrete a HUGE invention I don't need to draw ties to current usage of concrete for you- yes it's the same stuff! Romans were able to use concrete as a much less expensive alternative to even local stone. Concrete enabled the Romans to create architectural elements that are not possible with masonry construction (stone). Roman architects were able to create domes and vaults without internal supports. Romans developed a taste for these curved elements over the Greek and Etruscan post-and-lintel structures.
Roman Vaulting Systems
The Romans were very proud of thier lineage. Romans celebrated their blood lines by having sculptural portratis created. These imagines were stored in wooden cabinets in the homes of elevated Romans. These sculptures were paraded at the funerals of prominent relatives. The artists commissioned to create these likenesses were NOT asked to make their patrons look more noble than they were. Artists were asked to painstakingly record imperfections and the realistic look of their patrons. However, it is not uncommon for realistic heads to be found on perfect youthful bodies. Romans were the first to put the portraits of powerful rulers on coins. The Greeks used images of powerful gods for their coins. Julius Caesar was the first to place his own likeness on a coin shortly before his assassination. The Denarius (coin) also declared his new title dictator perpetuus (dictator for life).
One reason we know so much about everyday life in Rome is because of the city of Pompeii.
What was the population of Pompeii in A.D. 62 when an earthquake shook the city?
What happened 17 years later?
What are some details about everyday life still in place in Pompeii?
List 2 public buildings still in tact in Pompeii.What is a major structural difference between a Greek and Roman outdoor theatre? hint: amphitheter Again, If you need, an art history book is a great source of information.
What event ended the 13 year civil war which erupted when Julius Caesar was murdered? How was this new ruler related to Julius Caesar?
Augustus was recognized as princeps (first citizen), imperator (commander in chief root of emperor) and later pintifex maximus (chief priest). These titles gave Augustus control of all aspects of Roman public life. Augusts brought 2 centuries of peace to Roman life; the Pax Romana. When Augustus (then Octavian) inherited Caesar's fortune he was less than 19 years old. Other victories sealed Octavian's power. No longer was Rome ruled by elders. Now artists were called upon to create images of a young leader. Augustus was following Caesar who had made himself a god before his death. So not only was Augustus young he was the son of a god. He marketed himself a son of a god widely and throughout his reign never aged. Augustus's wife had the same youthful privilege. Her hair was always represented in the latest style but she also never aged. Guess I married wrong ;) Think about how this tactic is used today... have you seen any billboards for Branson performers?!! Were any of those pictures taken in the last 30 years? Think Hollywood.
All monuments and works of civic improvement were boldly credited to Augustus. His portrait and/or arches recounting his good deeds were erected throughout Rome reminding the Roman people of their great and generous leader. These items were not created as a historical record but for propaganda.
There is more Rome to come! This is an important chapter and the information has far reaching effects (so it's important). Dividing this chapter will throw off our schedule but we'll do the best we can.
The antient name for the area of modern Spain and Portugal is called Hispania.
ReplyDeleteThe name for the antient scrool depicting a "map of the world" is the Table of Peutinger.
Roman rest houses were used as a place where travelers could water their horses, repair their chariots, and lodge for the night. They were noted on the "map of the world" in three classifications: basic, moderate, and luxery. The best were represented by a rectangular villa with a pool in the middle.
Tassan described the Flavian's Bridge on the Via Aurelia road on the way to Saint-Chamas as a real treasure.
The standard width of a Roman Chariot axle is 4.5 feet.
The aqueduct that supplied water to the Arles could have been destroyed by the barbarians to cut off the water supply.
Three Etruscan features borrowed by the Romans were the wide chellas, high podiums, and deep porch. Two Greek features were ionic collumns and corinthian shafts.
The population of Pompeii in 62 AD was estimated at 20,000 and 17 years later it was burried in ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.
Today Pompeii is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Italy which provides many of the locals with employment as taxi drivers, bus drivers, waiters, and hotel operators.
Two buildings still standing today are the Temple of Portunus and the Villa of the Papyri.
Structural differences between the Greek and Roman outdoor theatres were that the Romans built theirs on foundations not just earth as the Greeks did and the Romans surrounded theirs with walls on all sides.
A velarium is a type of awning used in Roman times that stretched over the seating area in the Colosseum to protect the spectators from the elements.
A truce united the forces ending the war after Ceasar's death and his Grand Nephew took his possition.
Yes, on Branson billboards they use pictures that were taken years ago to make them appear younger.
1. the ancient name is Hispania
ReplyDelete2. The Tabula Peutingeriana or the Table of Peutinger was he map of the world used by romans
3. The romans had rest houses spaced along their roads so that when they travel they could stop to rest, fix wagons or chariots that were broken, or to water their horses
4. The rest stops were marked by different sized houses where the biggest were the best: basic, moderate, luxury
5. Tassan considered the Flavian's Bridge to be a real treasure
6. 4ft 8in
7. I Think it was probably destroyed by barbarians after the fall of the roman empire. There was plenty of land to gain and things to destroy.
8. The populations was estimated to be 15,000 - 20,000 and around 2000 were estimated to have died in the earthquake.
9. in 79 AD Mount Vesuvius erupted
10. Because the ash preserved so much of the city we are able to get a very good example of life. Homes are still intact so we can see where they slept, how they built their houses, and pottery that they used to cook with.
11.Casa del Menandro and Villa dei Mister
12. Roman theatres were often round or oval with crowds on all sides, while greek theatres are more like modern ones with the stag and the audience to one side
13. a velarium is a large type of awning used to cover roman theatres.
14. the civil war ended with ended with the birth of the Roman Empire.
15. They would use older pictures so that they seem healthier and stronger or prettier. as a society we use looks to judge the worthiness of people, and if they look weak we are less likely to like them
14
1.
ReplyDeleteThe ancient name of where Spain and Portugal lay is known as Hispania, or geographical terms the Iberian Peninsula.
The name of the ancient scroll, the “map of the world”, was the Table of Peutinger.
Roman rest houses provided refuge for travelers to water their horses, repair their chariots, and of course rest for the night. Also as Tassan said, they provided the service of prostitutes for the travelers as well.
On the Table of Peutinger, the rest houses were represented as a symbol of a house; the pleasant rest houses were drawn as a rectangular villa with a pool in the center.
Tassan’s real treasure was the vestige of Flavian’s Bridge spanning out over the Touloubre River.
The Standard width of a Roman chariot axle was four feet and five inches.
A hypothesis, which was conjured by Tassan, was that barbarians destroyed the aqueduct to cut off water supply to Arles.
2.
Three Etruscan architectural features used were that the stairs or entrance was located only in the front of the building, Ionic half columns were used in the front and not all around a building, and they created the structure of arcs used in aqueducts. As for the Greeks features, they created the octagonal, domed temples that used eight sided hemispherical form; also, the Greeks housing had triangular roofing stabilized with the Cellia wall created by concrete.
3.
The population of Pompeii during 62 A.D., during the time of the earthquake, was around ten to twenty thousand people.
Seventeen years later, the volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius occurred in Pompeii. The ash of the eruption preserved majority of Pompeii, as if the moment was frozen in time.
Everyday life of Pompeii sounded as though they were all busy and lived in a great community. The records of bath houses, stepping stones in roads, and the coliseum preservations creates an idea of entertainment, social gathering, and sophistication in their lives.
Two public buildings still intact in Pompeii are the Forum Augustum and the Maison carree.
During the times, a velarium was a cloth awning that could be rolled down from the sides of a wall to shield spectators from rain or sun. It would apply to Roman amphitheater because it acted as a canopy while they watched the entertainment.
The Roman Republic ended on March 33 D.C. after Caesar’s Death. The next Ruler to take place of Caesar was Octavian Augustus, who was adopted by Caesar and was only nineteen years old at the time.
1. The ancient name of where Spain and Portugal are is Hispania, or the Iberian Peninsula.
ReplyDelete2. the ancient name for the "map of the world" is the Table of Peutinger.
3. Roman rest houses were used for "refueling" in a way, a place to stop and eat, repair any damaged equipment, get sleep, and... well, rest.
4. They were marked on the "map of the world" by houses, smallest being a basic, and large being a fancy one.
5. a real Treasure as defined by Tassan would be the Flavian's Bridge.
6. 4 feet and 8 inches.
7. more than likely barbarians destroyed the aqueduct to cut off water supplies.
8. somewhere between 15,000 - 20,000. and around 2,000 of them were supposedly killed by the earthquake.
9. 17 years later mount vesuvius erupted.
10. because pompeii was covered quickly, a lot of it is still preserved and we can see into the lives of those who lived there (where they slept, where they ate, lived, bathed, shopped, etc..)
11. A lot of Pompeii is still preserved by ash and its kept up pretty well, many arches and buildings can be viewed and toured by public, including theTemple of Vespasian and the Macellum.
12. Roman theaters were round or oval with the crowd surrounding the stage, while greek theaters had the crowd on one side of the stage.
13. A velarium is a type of awning used in Roman times that would cover the crowd or viewers and keep them safe from weather, people throwing rocks from outside, things like that. it also created a circulatory breeze throughout the crowd.
14. The civil war ended with ended with the birth of the Roman Empire
15. the act of advertising a youthful look is extremely prominent in branson, come on andy williams, that picture was taken at least 20 years ago. it's no surprise the ancients would use this tactic to appeal to the people and to appear more "with it", stronger, youthful.